169 Syria Travel Guide

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Country Overview

Syria is a Middle Eastern country located near the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. With a population of approximately 20 million, it is known for its historical significance as one of the oldest continuously inhabited regions in the world. Syria has witnessed the rise and fall of numerous civilizations, including the Romans, Byzantines, and Islamic caliphates. The capital city is Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities globally.

Major Tourist Destinations

1. Damascus
   The capital of Syria, Damascus, is a treasure trove of history and culture. It boasts ancient architecture, spiritual landmarks, and bustling souks.

   • Historic Streets of Damascus
     The old streets of Damascus, including Souq al-Hamidiyah and the Straight Street (Via Recta), are filled with traditional shops, ancient buildings, and a vibrant local atmosphere, offering a glimpse into Syria’s rich past.

   • Religious Landmarks of Damascus
     The Umayyad Mosque, one of the oldest and largest mosques in the world, is a key attraction, alongside Christian sites such as St. George’s Cathedral, showcasing the religious diversity and coexistence in Damascus.

2. Palmyra
   An ancient city and UNESCO World Heritage site, Palmyra features Greco-Roman architecture and stunning desert landscapes. Key landmarks include the Roman Theater and the Temple of Bel, once dedicated to the Mesopotamian god Bel, combining Greek and Middle Eastern architectural styles.

   • Exploring the Palmyra Ruins
     Visitors can wander among the monumental colonnades, temples, and necropolises, experiencing the grandeur of an ancient desert empire that once linked East and West.

3. Aleppo
   Located in northern Syria, Aleppo is one of the world’s oldest inhabited cities. Despite damage from conflict, key historical landmarks like the Aleppo Citadel remain iconic.

   • Exploring the Aleppo Souk
     The traditional souk, though damaged, remains a symbol of Aleppo’s historic trading power, featuring goods like spices, textiles, and handcrafted items in a maze of covered alleys.

4. Latakia
   Latakia is Syria’s principal port city on the Mediterranean coast, offering a more relaxed, coastal atmosphere. It is known for its beaches, seafood, and Roman ruins such as the Tetrapylon of Latakia.

5. Baalbek
   Home to one of the grandest Roman temple complexes in the Middle East, Baalbek showcases towering columns and intricate carvings in structures like the Temple of Bacchus and the Temple of Jupiter.

6. Krak des Chevaliers
   This Crusader castle is one of the best-preserved medieval fortresses in the world. Situated on a hill, it provides insight into military architecture and the history of the Crusades.

Experiencing Traditional Syrian Cuisine

1. Fatteh
   Fatteh is a beloved Syrian dish traditionally served during breakfast or festive meals. It is composed of layers of crispy or toasted pita bread, chickpeas, yogurt, garlic, olive oil, and optional minced meat, garnished with pine nuts or parsley.

   Ingredients:

   • Pita bread

   • Chickpeas

   • Yogurt

   • Garlic

   • Olive oil

   • Optional: minced beef or lamb

   • Spices (cumin, paprika, coriander)

   Preparation:
   The pita bread is toasted or fried until crisp, chickpeas are cooked and layered over the bread, and a yogurt-garlic mixture is poured on top. Finally, hot butter or oil infused with spices is drizzled over the dish before serving.

2. Hummus
   A staple spread made from chickpeas, tahini, lemon juice, and olive oil. It is typically served with pita bread and used as a dip or appetizer.

3. Tabbouleh
   A fresh salad made with parsley, tomatoes, bulgur wheat, mint, lemon juice, and olive oil. It’s a light and healthy side dish often served with grilled meats.

Language and Culture

The official language of Syria is Arabic. The country is culturally rich, with traditions rooted in Islamic heritage but also influenced by Greco-Roman and Byzantine civilizations. Syrian music, dance, poetry, and crafts such as inlaid woodwork and textile weaving are prominent expressions of the culture. Family values, hospitality, and strong community ties are deeply ingrained in Syrian society.

Travel Tips

• Safety: Before planning a visit, always check the latest travel advisories due to ongoing security concerns in some areas.

• Transportation: Public transportation is limited; private taxis and guided tours are more reliable.

• Cultural Sensitivity: Dress modestly and respect religious and local customs, especially in conservative areas and religious sites.

• Shopping: Bargaining is common in markets (souks), and handmade crafts like carpets, jewelry, and soaps make excellent souvenirs.

Visa and Time Zone

• Visa: Most nationalities require a visa to enter Syria. It must typically be obtained in advance through a Syrian embassy or consulate. Entry requirements vary depending on diplomatic relations and should be confirmed before travel.

• Time Zone: Syria operates on UTC+2, and during daylight saving time (typically from late March to late October), it shifts to UTC+3.